Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (5): N의

I. Examples

의 indicates the possessive relationship where the first noun possesses the second noun. It corresponds to the possessive ‘of’ or ‘(Noun)’s’ in English. When 의 is used in this possessive context, it can be pronounced as either [의] or [에]. Of the two, [에] is the more commonly used pronunciation. Maybe due to this reason, even Koreans make the mistake of using ‘에’ instead of ‘의’ when writing.

<Example 1>

  • 이것은 웨슬리 자동차예요.
    (This is Wesley’s car.)

<Example 2>

  • 이분은 영희 선생님입니다.
    (This is Younghee’s teacher.)

<Example 3>

  • 이름은 민호입니다.
    (My name is Minho.)

II. Grammar Point

1. Omitted or Combined

Just like the objective particle 을/를, the particle 의 is often omitted in colloquial speech. For instance, 리처드 자전거/우리의 선생님 is more spoken than 리처드의 자전거(Richard’s bike)/우리의 선생님(Our teacher). When pronouns represents people (나, 저, 너), on the other hand, 의 combines with pronouns(나의 –> 내, 저의 –> 제, 너의 –> 네) rather than being omitted.

  • 나의 친구 –> 친구
  • 저의 이름 –> 이름
  • 너의 책 –> 책 or

2. The Idea of 우리

When referring to a collective entity like a home, family, company, country, or school that one is associated with, it is common to use pronouns like 우리/저희 instead of 나. In the case of family members, 우리 is often used in place of 제 or 내. When showing respect to the listener, the humble form “저희” is used, as seen in examples like “저희 어머니” (our mother) and “저희 아버지” (our father).  Below, on the left, is the actual meaning, and on the right, is the actual usage.

  • 내 집 –> 우리
  • 내 가족 –> 우리 가족
  • 내 회사 –> 우리 회사
  • 내 학교 –> 우리 학교
  • 내 어머니 –> 우리 어머니 / 저희 어머니
  • 내 언니 or 저의 언니 –> 우리 언니
  • 내 남편 or 제 남편 –> 우리 남편
  • 내 아들 or 제 아들 –> 우리 아들

‘의’ does not come between ‘우리’ and the following noun. However, for the term “동생” (younger sibling), “내 동생” is more commonly used than “우리 동생”. Furthermore, when referring to one’s country, only “우리나라” (our country) is used, not “저희 나라,” as there’s no need to humble one’s own nation when speaking to foreigners.

  • 동생 / 동생 (my younger sibling)
    –> 우리 동생 is not used.
  • 우리나라 (O)
  • 저희나라 (X)

III. Practice

  • 저건 ___ 가방이에요 (저)
  • 이건 ___ 지갑이에요 (톰(Tom))
  • 저 사람은 ______ 입니다. (나, 동생)
  • 이분은 ______ 입니다. (나, 어머니)

IV. See More

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