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Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (5): N의

I. Examples

의 indicates the possessive relationship where the first noun possesses the second noun. It corresponds to the possessive ‘of’ or ‘(Noun)’s’ in English. When 의 is used in this possessive context, it can be pronounced as either [의] or [에]. Of the two, [에] is the more commonly used pronunciation. Maybe due to this reason, even Koreans make the mistake of using ‘에’ instead of ‘의’ when writing.

<Example 1>

<Example 2>

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II. Grammar Point

1. Omitted or Combined

Just like the objective particle 을/를, the particle 의 is often omitted in colloquial speech. For instance, 리처드 자전거/우리의 선생님 is more spoken than 리처드의 자전거(Richard’s bike)/우리의 선생님(Our teacher). When pronouns represents people (나, 저, 너), on the other hand, 의 combines with pronouns(나의 –> 내, 저의 –> 제, 너의 –> 네) rather than being omitted.

2. The Idea of 우리

When referring to a collective entity like a home, family, company, country, or school that one is associated with, it is common to use pronouns like 우리/저희 instead of 나. In the case of family members, 우리 is often used in place of 제 or 내. When showing respect to the listener, the humble form “저희” is used, as seen in examples like “저희 어머니” (our mother) and “저희 아버지” (our father).  Below, on the left, is the actual meaning, and on the right, is the actual usage.

‘의’ does not come between ‘우리’ and the following noun. However, for the term “동생” (younger sibling), “내 동생” is more commonly used than “우리 동생”. Furthermore, when referring to one’s country, only “우리나라” (our country) is used, not “저희 나라,” as there’s no need to humble one’s own nation when speaking to foreigners.

III. Practice

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