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Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (4): N와/과, N(이)랑, N하고

I. Examples

These particles – N와/과 + N(이)랑 + N하고 – are used when listing various nouns. These are equivalent to ‘and’ in English. 와/과 is used mainly in formal occasions, such as writing and speeches. (이)랑 and 하고 are used in everyday conversation. 와 or 랑 is used for nouns ending in a vowel, while 과 or 이랑 is used for nouns ending in a consonant. “하고” is used regardless of the presence of a final consonant.

<Example 1>

<Example 2>

<Example 3>

II. Grammar Point

1. Ending in Vowel + 와/랑/하고 / Ending in Consonant + 과/이랑/하고

2. + 같이 / 함께

These particles can also denote the person with whom the subject carries out an action, and they correspond to ‘(together) with’ in English. When expressing such a relationship, “같이” and “함께” are typically used after the particles.

3. After the Final Noun in the List

A. (이)랑 & 하고 –> can be added

B. 와/과 –> cannot be added

4. Cannot Be Mixed

<와/과, (이)랑, 하고 cannot be mixed within the same sentence>

III. Practice

IV. See More

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