I. Examples
(이)나 indicates that one of two or more listed nouns will be chosen. It approximates to ‘or’ or ‘either A or B’ in English. When the preceding noun ends in a vowel, 나 is used. When the noun ends in a consonant, 이나 is used. For adjectives and verbs, -거나 is added to the verb stem.
<Example 1>
- 식탁위 주스나 우유를 마시세요.
(Please drink juice or milk at the table.)
<Example 2>
- 주말에 설악산이나 지리산에 가고 싶어요.
(I want to go to Seorak Mountain or
Jiri Mountain on the weekend.)
<Example 3>
- 잡지나 신문을 봐요.
= 신문이나 잡지를 봐요.
(I read magazines or newspapers.)
II. Grammar Point
1. Subject Particle & Object Particle
When (이)나 is added to a subject or object, it replaces the subject or object particle (이/가 or 을/를), respectively and leaves only (이)나. Therefore, it is not permitted to use expressions like ~가나 or ~을이나.
- 누나가나 여동생이 요리해요. (X)
–> 누나나 여동생이 요리해요. (O)
(My older or younger sister will cook.)
- 커피를나 차를 마셔요. (X)
–> 커피나 차를 마셔요. (O)
(I drink either coffee or tea.)
2. 에, 에서, 에게 –> 에나, 에서나, 에게나
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (6): N에1
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (7): N에2
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (8): N에서
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (10): N에게/한테
When (이)나 is used in conjunction with the particles 에, 에서, or 에게, it has two possible forms. The first form involves using (이)나 by itself with the first word(s) in the list, while using 에, 에서, or 에게 exclusively with the final word. The second form combines (이)나 with 에, 에서, or 에게 to form 에나, 에서나, or 에게나. However, using (이)나 by itself is the more common and natural choice.
- 토요일에나 일요일에 조깅을 해요.
= 토요일이나 일요일에 조깅을 해요. –> more natural
(I go jogging on Saturdays or Sundays.)
- 공원에나 산길에서 조깅을 해요.
= 공원이나 산길에서 조깅을 해요. –> more natural
(I go jogging in the park or on mountain trails.)
- 철수에게나 영희에게 질문해요.
= 철수나 영희에게 질문해요.
(I ask questions to Cheolsu or Younghee.)
III. Practice
- 인사동까지 지하철___ 버스를 타고 가요.
- 도서관___ 카페에서 책을 읽을 거예요.
- 이번 주말에 바다___ 산에 갈 거예요.
IV. See More
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (1): N이/가
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (2): N은/는
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (3): N을/를
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (4): N와/과, N(이)랑, N하고
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (5): N의
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (6): N에1
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (7): N에2
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (8): N에서
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (9): M에서 N까지 + M부터 N까지
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (10): N에게/한테
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (11): N도
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (12): N만
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (13): N밖에
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (14): N(으)로
- Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (15): N(이)나1