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Korean Grammar Beginner -Particles- (15): N(이)나1

I. Examples

(이)나 indicates that one of two or more listed nouns will be chosen. It approximates to ‘or’ or ‘either A or B’ in English. When the preceding noun ends in a vowel, 나 is used. When the noun ends in a consonant, 이나 is used. For adjectives and verbs, -거나 is added to the verb stem.

<Example 1>

<Example 2>

<Example 3>

II. Grammar Point

1. Subject Particle & Object Particle

When (이)나 is added to a subject or object, it replaces the subject or object particle (이/가 or 을/를), respectively and leaves only (이)나. Therefore, it is not permitted to use expressions like ~가나 or ~을이나.

2. 에, 에서, 에게 –> 에나, 에서나, 에게나

When (이)나 is used in conjunction with the particles 에, 에서, or 에게, it has two possible forms. The first form involves using (이)나 by itself with the first word(s) in the list, while using 에, 에서, or 에게 exclusively with the final word. The second form combines (이)나 with 에, 에서, or 에게 to form 에나, 에서나, or 에게나. However, using (이)나 by itself is the more common and natural choice.

III. Practice

IV. See More

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